Sunday, October 26, 2008

说说我周围北京人的收入及日常生活消费水平

http://club.money.sohu.com/main.php?c=82&b=licai&a=6360137&c=82

主题:说说我周围北京人的收入及日常生活消费水平 阅读 60494 回复 283   [回复]  [编辑

      

     前几天看到大城市和小城市的生活水平比较的帖子反响较大,我也来说说我周围的北京人,我是在北京出生的,现在经商,联系的大都是中小型私营企业,涉及多种行业,总算下来长期接触的私营企业和个体工商户共有约500多家,其中年利润上亿元的企业大概有7,8家,上千万的约有40-50家,而上百万的有400家以上(此为通过企业规模和员工所说综合估算所得,下同),但是不是说明收入都很高呢?

      不是,因为这些企业总共有员工在20000人以上,而每年能拿到100万以上收入的人只有企业老板或大股东总共也就300多人,而每年能拿30万到100万收入的人只有企业高管和小股东、部分小企业老板以及一些业绩比较好的销售人员总共也就500多人(一般年利润五百万以下的企业除老板和股东外其它员工年收入都到不了30万元),而月收入万元以上的总共也就大约不到2000人;

     再说说我的一些北京的亲戚,我的长辈亲戚中有工人,工程师,事业单位员工和公务员,这些人中没有一个月收入上万元的(同单位的也极少有,其中有的老工人月收入不到2000元),我同辈中除了还在上学的大都刚大学毕业参加工作不到2年也没有月收入上万的大都是2000元左右(有一个技校毕业工作10年的在较好企业的工人,月收入也就2000多元,他们厂的工人也都差不多这样),但是住的房子是家里的已购公房,所以也没有什么负担的,目前看过的也都还算不错吧,要是结婚后可能会辛苦些了,不过那时收入应该也会有所提高的。 
    
    最后说说我父亲老家在北京的亲戚,约有上百人,他们大都是农村出来打工的,除了几个经商的和文化较高的外,没有月收入上万的(大都不到2000元)。
  

     另外再说说北京的消费水平,北京的房价确实很高,但北京的日常消费和别的城市比也并不能算是很高的,比如吃的方面:大米1。7元一斤,面粉1。4元一斤,大豆色拉油53。5元5升,酱油1。75升7。2元,茄子1。7元一斤,黄瓜2。2元一斤,韭黄4。8元一斤,芹菜0。98元一斤,猪肉9。9元一斤,冻排腔骨12。8元一斤,鸡腿8元一斤,虾20多元一斤。

     今天又在超市买了一些水果,香蕉4元一斤,西瓜2块多一斤,苹果4元一斤,这些都是最近在我家附近以贵著称的超市买的,要是去农贸市场会便宜一些,零食感觉北京哪个超市价格都差不多,有些比其他城市还便宜些,比如2。5升可口可乐5。2元一瓶有些小城市好象是8块多,而且小城市很多东西都没有。
  
     再来说说衣服方面的价钱,自从有了网店后很多衣服都是在淘宝上淘的价格很便宜都是几十块,有些还是不错的,但是就不能作为北京的消费水平了,在实体店里买的有袜子五双10块,旅游鞋198元,牛仔裤99元,毛衣151元等。
  

     行的方面,北京公交车用卡0。4元、0。8元起价的都有,要是自己买车价格比去年都又降了不少呐,养路费还是一个月110元,但汽油要6块几一升,比去年是涨了很多了。
  
     水费现在是3块7一吨,电费是4毛8分8一度,燃气2块05一个字。
   
     北京的通讯费座机单向收费2毛2三分钟,以后1毛1一分钟,每月固定座机费21块6,手机通讯费到是下降了比如神州行每月市内接电话10块钱免费还送20分钟打市内电话,一般家庭每月总共有个100多也就够了,宽带费包月120,包年1200,还有其他可选的,按小时算是3块一小时。

      住的方面北京房价去年前年涨的太狠了所以今年有一部分有些下降,即使没降也都不涨了,估计房子也不好卖了,明显特征就是开发商发来的售房广告短信增加很多,中介时不常打电话问买不买2手房,交易网上的成交量下降等,租房价格基本没变有些还略有上涨。

     住宅物业费北京一般约1块5到2块8每月每平米,供暖费煤直供16块5一平米,煤间供19一平米,燃气直供24一平米,燃气间供30一平米(四环以内都是燃气供暖),但那些住单位分的房子(包括已购公房)的家庭基本没有物业费,供暖费都是单位出,也不用自己交,所以这方面的支出基本没有,但现在要自己买房的就要有这些费用了,有的单位到是能给补助些。
  
      教育费用我不太清楚,好象大专学费是1万一年,本科7500一年,真的是很高了,98年我上大学的时候每年学费才不到3000元啊。
  
     医疗费用也很高,但全国都不低吧,而且北京的医疗条件水平也确实要比别的城市都强一些吧。
  
      保险社保是养老保险每月共要交上年工资的28%(单位20%,个人8%号称归个人所有),基本医疗保险单位交9%,个人交2%,单位交的按不同年龄划0.8%-2%给个人,个人交的归个人,大额医疗互助单位交1%,个人交3元,失业保险单位交1.5%,个人交0.5%,工伤保险只单位交按工种一般是交0.5%,生育保险也是只单位交0.8%,等于单位和个人共要交工资的43.3%,交费基数上限为上年社会平均工资的3倍,真的是很高啊,商业保险不清楚各地价格差别大不大了。  
      
       我所了解的大概就这些,大家可以指正或者补充,我觉得这些应该还是可以代表大城市的生活消费水平的。


Friday, October 24, 2008

Ten Axioms to Guide Your Life

 

Ensign » 2007 » February

Ten Axioms to Guide Your Life

By Elder Robert D. Hales
Of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles


Robert D. Hales, "Ten Axioms to Guide Your Life," Ensign, Feb 2007, 26–31

From a commencement address given on August 14, 2003, at Brigham Young University.

Image

Recent events tell us that we are living in the last days. The increasing perplexities of nations recall the words of our Savior Jesus Christ: "Ye shall hear of wars and rumours of wars: … for nation shall rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom" (Matthew 24:6–7).

It is a challenging but also an exciting time. The gospel is rolling forth as a stone cut out of a mountain without hands. It is filling the earth. (See Daniel 2:44–45.) And now, it is your privilege to help move it forward.

As you go forth to serve, you will find that your greatest success and influence won't come solely from the knowledge you've gained. It will come from what you do with that knowledge—the wise use of agency to make sound decisions.

Of course, there are some decisions that must wait until circumstances change and your understanding develops. But many of the most important decisionscan and should be made now.For example, you can decide the principles, or axioms, that will influence your decision making in the future.

Here are 10 axioms, distilled from my own experience of living the gospel. I hope they are helpful to you in determining the principles that should guide your life.

Axiom 1
It's not the obstacle that counts, but how you overcome it.

Consider, for a moment, that you are the engineer of a train. As your locomotive races down the tracks, you look out the window. In the distance you see a great pile of debris blocking your way. What do you do? Radio ahead for help? Stop the train and take care of the problem yourself? Pour coal into the engine and plow on through?

Now it's axiomatic that we will all encounter obstacles in our lives. Temporal obstacles make eternal development possible. So we must decide how to meet those obstacles.

Like the engineer, we can call for help. By prayer, fasting, and diligent study, we can obtain the assistance of our Heavenly Father. He will comfort us, strengthen us, and enlighten us by His Holy Spirit. Often He will give us inspired counsel through parents and priesthood leaders. Sometimes He will smooth our path by removing the obstacle. Sometimes, like a switchman, He will help us get on a different track. But from time to time, the only way to clear debris from the track is to stop the train and remove the problem.

This is always true when the obstacle is of our own making, such as when we violate the Lord's commandments. Repentance is the only way to clear the debris of sin and move forward in our lives. "By this ye may know if a man repenteth of his sins—behold, he will confess them and forsake them" (D&C 58:43).

Finally, there are times when Heavenly Father directs us to pour on the spiritual coal of faith and hope and plow ahead. Or, to use the more scriptural phrase, "press forward":

"Wherefore, ye must press forward with a steadfastness in Christ, having a perfect brightness of hope, and a love of God and of all men. Wherefore, if ye shall press forward, feasting upon the word of Christ, and endure to the end, behold, thus saith the Father: Ye shall have eternal life" (2 Nephi 31:20).

Axiom 2
Pursue your goals with all your heart, might, mind, and strength. You are doomed to failure if you pursue them in a vacillating manner.

So often we are tentative and don't move forward with conviction. We feel our way along, as if we were afraid in the dark. It is so much better to turn on the light of faith and move ahead with energy and commitment.

If our course is wrong, we will quickly recognize it and make the necessary adjustments. But if we pursue a course tentatively and indecisively, it is difficult to know whether it is right or wrong in time to correct it.

The Lord said, "I would thou wert cold or hot" (Revelation 3:15).

We should decide now to make our decisions prayerfully and then move forward with faith, energy, and determination.

Axiom 3
From a tiny spark can come a large fire.

In the course of moving forward, it is normal to generate a few sparks. Misunderstandings, differences of opinion, and diverse personalities and styles can produce friction. Remember, if we are not careful, little things can easily become big things.

Decide now to extinguish the sparks of conflict by thinking well of others. As the Lord taught, "Agree with thine adversary quickly while thou art in the way with him" (3 Nephi 12:25).

Don't criticize. What you say about others may (and usually does) get back to them. See the good in people, and develop that goodness by your unwavering friendship, acceptance, loyalty, trust, and love.

Axiom 4
Our greatest strengths can become our greatest weaknesses.

You may be skilled and well prepared in some areas of your life, but that can also become a great weakness if you rely solely on these abilities. If you are not careful, the skills you have gained can be very self-serving when not properly balanced, and they may become very limiting.

For instance, if you cannot get along with other people, you will fail. You must now apply the knowledge you have gained to strengthen the Church, your family, your work, the community, and your friendships.

Our greatest strengths can become weaknesses to us whenever we forget that our gifts, talents, and intellect are given to us by God—whenever we rely on the "natural man" (Mosiah 3:19) and forget that God is the giver of all the gifts of life. If we would keep our strength from turning to weakness, we must "confess … his hand in all things, and obey … his commandments" (D&C 59:21).

Axiom 5
Failure is one of the greatest teachers if we have the faith to learn from it.

The Savior said, "In the world ye shall have tribulation." But because He has overcome the world, we can "be of good cheer" (John 16:33)—we can overcome our failures. Therefore, we should embrace the opportunity to learn from our mistakes, analyze where we could have done better, and make plans to improve.

In doing so, we discover that setbacks and disappointments are "but for a small moment" and "shall be for [our] good" (D&C 122:4, 7). With faith, we can take seriously the Lord's counsel to "search diligently, pray always, and be believing, and all things shall work together for [our] good" (D&C 90:24).

Axiom 6
It is not how you start the race or where you are during the race. It is how you cross the finish line that matters.

John Stephen Akhwari, a marathon runner from Tanzania, competed in the 1968 Summer Olympics. Even though he suffered along the way from fatigue, leg cramps, dehydration, and disorientation, a voice called from within to go on, and so he went on. Exhausted and staggering, John Stephen was the last man to enter the stadium. When asked why he would complete a race he could never win, Akhwari replied, "My country did not send me 7,000 miles [11,200 km] to start the race; they sent me 7,000 miles to finish the race."

In life, we are not brought to earth just to be born into mortality. We came with a mission and a purpose, and that is to endure to the end.

Remember the parable of the laborers in the vineyard. All of them served the Master, and all received an equal wage. It did not matter that some arrived after others, only that each one finally came. (See Matthew 20:1–16.)

If you have taken missteps in your youth, don't let discouragement overcome you. The Lord's judgments are not spiritual grade-point averages—with past sins and mistakes averaged into the final grade. He has promised that "he who has repented of his sins, the same is forgiven, and I, the Lord, remember them no more" (D&C 58:42).

So, if you are not where you want to be, decide today to get there.

Our lifetime degree will be graded on how well we live up to the covenants made in our saving ordinances—baptism, receiving the Holy Ghost, washings, anointings, endowments, and sealings.

You can cross the finish line with everyone else.

"Go forward and not backward. Courage, … and on, on to the victory!" (D&C 128:22).

Axiom 7
"If you wish to get rich, save what you get. A fool can earn money; but it takes a wise man to save and dispose of it to his own advantage."1

It is to our advantage to cultivate genuine happiness in our lives. The Prophet Joseph Smith taught that this "happiness is the object and design of our existence."2 Unfortunately, we live in an age of greed—an insatiable, enslaving appetite for temporal things.

Remember, temporal means "temporary." And temporary things cannot bring eternal happiness.

So look ahead. Take the long view. Be patient. Pay your tithes and offerings. And save your money. Do not try to have now what it took your parents years of patient saving to acquire.

Happy are the individuals who can live within their means today and enjoy it.

Axiom 8
You cannot learn the Lord's will without exercising your agency and becoming accountable for your decisions.

Too often we think that with little or no effort on our part, the Holy Ghost will give us answers to our questions. Like Oliver Cowdery, we take "no thought save it [be] to ask" (D&C 9:7). And, regrettably, sometimes we don't even pray.

But this is not the way of the Lord. He has commanded us to "study it out in [our] mind[s]; [and] then … ask [Him] if it be right" (D&C 9:8; emphasis added).

For example, when choosing an eternal companion, we do not present a list of names to the Lord and ask Him to decide. Instead, we exercise our agency by participating in dating experiences. We get to know the other person's inner attitudes and outward behavior. Then we make a decision and take it to the Lord.

In this way, we become accountable for our decisions and responsible to prayerfully resolve any challenges that may arise.

Axiom 9
The more things change, the more they stay the same.

In 1975 I spoke to students at Brigham Young University. I held up my left hand and said, "We are here." Then, moving my right hand away from my left, I said, "And the world is moving farther and farther away." At that time, I imagined the world's ways as being hundreds of miles away from the ways of the gospel. Then, referring to my left hand, I said, "But the Church is still here."

That was almost 32 years ago. Today, the world is a great deal farther away than that. From my perspective, I'd say it is thousands of miles away—maybe farther—but, again, the Church has not moved.

As a member of that Church, you should expect to be different from your peers in the world. You should expect the distance will increase. But don't be dismayed. Those with eyes to see will recognize you as a light on a hill, and they will come through the darkness of these last days to be with you and bask in your light.

Axiom 10
The temple of God is the greatest university.

The knowledge of the truths of the restored gospel of Jesus Christ is the most valuable knowledge you will ever possess.

Go to the temple. The endowment is the eternal curriculum. In it we are taught where we came from and why we are here on earth, and we are given the promise of achieving life eternal in the celestial kingdom if we obey the commandments and covenants.

With these 10 axioms in mind, I want to bear a personal testimony to you and give you a promise. In striving to be a successful son or daughter of God, you will never have to compromise the things of the kingdom. Where your divinely appointed mission is concerned, you will never be penalized for living the gospel. However, if you compromise God's eternal principles for your own temporal gains, you will lose the eternal blessings that are rightfully yours.

As a New York boy, I grew up as one of only two or three members of the Church in a high school of a few thousand. At a recent 50-year reunion, my former classmates remembered how I lived according to my values and beliefs. I realized then that one infraction of the Word of Wisdom or transgression of moral values would have meant I could never say, "This is what I believe" and be trusted by my friends.

We can share the gospel only to the extent we live it. During my life at college, in the military as an adjutant and fighter pilot, in graduate school, or in my professional career in sales and marketing, as president of a division, or as a group vice president at corporate headquarters—I was never required to compromise my values or beliefs.

Was it easy?

I don't know. I wasn't looking for easy.

Was it hard?

I wasn't looking for hard either. That is just the way it was.

Were there men and women who challenged me on my beliefs at times?

Certainly.

When I held to my beliefs, did they respect and honor the commitment I had made to live the gospel?

In every instance.

If you will remember who you are and act accordingly; if you will return with honor from every calling, task, and assignment; if you will be true to the Savior's name and worthy of His eternal blessings, you will always have the light of the Holy Ghost to be with you, to lead you, to guide you, and to buoy you up. You will never want for what to say or how to act. It will be given you.

How you live, what you represent, how you treat your associates, and how you honor and revere your companion and your family will spread the influence of our Savior Jesus Christ. For there is no greater Christian service than to become like Him, heed the counsel of His Spirit, and do His will.

As the years go by, you will discover more axioms that reflect your own experience of living the gospel. Learn them and live your life accordingly.

May the Lord bless you and keep you that you may have a good life, be what you want to be, and fulfill your dreams now, returning with honor in the eternities.

[illustrations] Illustrations by Scott Greer and Brandon Dorman

Notes

1. Brigham Young, in Teachings of Presidents of the Church: Brigham Young (1997), 229.

2. History of the Church, 5:134.

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Saturday, October 18, 2008

声音训练的讲座 -"科学练声-北广讲座"(三)

http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_5510d47e0100052c.html


声音训练的讲座 -"科学练声-北广讲座"(三) (2006-11-17 18:20:25)
原文作者:李刚
 
第二节,磨练口齿。磨练口齿可以提高咬字器官,尤其是唇舌的力度和灵活度,使吐字准确清晰。磨练口齿还可以协调自身的关系,使它们和谐统一。关于磨练口齿的具体要领和方法,我把它们归纳为三个方面,也就是

一:口部操练习,
二:音字词练习,
三:绕口练习。
大家应该注意到我所讲的具体内容以及它们先后顺序。

首先是口部操练习。做口部操的目的是为了排除语音负担来提高咬字器官的力度和灵活度,流传的口部操是很多的,下面我向大家介绍几节比较实用的口部操。

   首先是唇部操,可以有这样几节,
      第一节是喷,双唇紧闭,堵住气流,突然放开发出PO音,我做一下:"PO PO PO"。注意不要满唇用力,把力量集中在唇的中央三分之一:"PO PO"。
      第二节是裂,顾名思义,我们就要先把双唇撅起来,然后呢,向嘴角用力,向两边伸展。这就是我们平常所说的裂,这样反复进行,这一节是听不到声音的。
      第三节是撇,先把双唇撅起来,然后呢,向左歪再向右歪交替进行。
      第四节是绕,双唇紧闭,撅起,然后呢,左转360度,再向右转360度,这样交替进行,这里应该注意到向左转多少圈,那么向右就应该转多少圈,这是绕。
   上面四节呢,是唇的练习,下面我再讲舌的练习。

   舌的练习有这样几节,
       第一节是伸,把口开大,提颧,要感觉鼻孔略微张开一些,然后努力地把舌头往外伸,舌尖越尖越好,伸完了以后,再往回缩,缩到最大的程度,这样反复来做,这样反复来做,这是第一节。
       第二节是刮,大家注意听,刮是怎么刮,舌尖抵下齿背,舌体用力,用上门齿的齿沿刮舌尖和舌面,这样反复进行,这样反复进行,这是第二节。
      第三节是捣,捣乱的捣,我都把它概括成一个字,这样大家好记,怎么捣呢,就是把一个像枣核一样的物体,竖放在舌面上,比如说,一个橄榄核,一个枣核,或者一小块糖,两尖,两头正对着前舌,这是竖放,用舌面挺起的动作使它翻转起来,这样反复进行,这是捣,这是捣,这是第三节。
      第四节呢,是弹,先把力量集中在舌尖,抵住上齿龈,堵住气流,堵住呼出的气流,然后呢,突然打开爆发出te音,反复进行,我来做一下,大家听到这个声音大概也就可以体会出来我是怎么样在做:"te te te",这里应该注意,舌的中重线,前后的中重线要用力,爆发出这个te te,越有力越好,爆发出这个te音来,这样反复进行,这是第四节。
      第五节是顶,先闭唇,用舌尖来顶左右的内颊,交替进行,左边一下右边一下,左边一下右边一下,这是第五节。
      第六节呢,是转,闭唇,把舌尖伸到口腔前庭,也就是把舌尖伸到齿唇的中间,先向顺时针方向环绕360度,然后再按逆时针方向环绕360度,这样交替来进行,这样交替进行,这是第六节转。
      第七节立,先把舌头自然平放在下齿槽当中,然后向左向右来回地翻立,这可能一时做不出来,但是你坚持做,再想着怎么做,这样的话过一段时间你就会做了,实际上这一节还是挺重要的,它是为了锻炼舌头的力量左右平衡,这样子,所以这一节还是挺重要的,先把舌头自然地平放在下齿槽当中,也就是很自然地放在那儿,然后呢,向左翻立起来,倒换过来,再向右翻立起来,这样呢,来回交替的进行,来回交替进行。这几节是舌部操。

   再有一节呢是颊部操,颊部的锻炼也是很重要的,如果颊部的肌肉没有力量,咬字就很含混,字音的清晰度就受影响,这一部分往往也是人们不注意的,实际上呢,它非常重要。这里呢,只有一节就是咬,怎么咬呢,嘴角裂开,缩舌,用力来做咀嚼动作,用力来做咀嚼动作。大家注意,嘴角先裂开,然后呢缩舌,用力来做咀嚼动作,像嚼这个胶木糖一样,这样,用力嚼咬,这一节叫作咬,这一节很重要,每一次做口部操的时候应该多做几次。
  
   刚才向大家介绍了口部操,下面再说一说音字词的练习,音字词的发音练习。在这个步骤当中,做这个练习,它的目的是为了取得和稳定音准,它要在具备语音知识的基础上进行。这里呢,由于时间的限制,标准语音的发音要领我就不讲了,而是着重来讲一讲练习材料的组织和练习的步骤问题,我们应该依照21个声母39个韵母的拼合关系和四声的变化来组织练习材料,这个练习材料它应该是全面的细致的不应该是举例式的。

   怎么叫举例式的呢,比如说,一个音下面我练习五个字五个词,实际上它的拼合关系,由于这种拼合关系它会有多少个音出现不去管它,那么这就是举例式的,如果使用这种举例式的练习材料往往达不到练习的目的,所以我们一定要注意到这种练习材料它是根据拼合关系来的,而且这里头不仅是声母韵母的问题还要加上四声的变化,这样组织的练习材料,也就是说它应该是全面的细致的。而且在练习过程中要把声、韵、调分别作为侧重点,逐步来展开,首先我说一下声母练习,应该依照声母的序列,先按照声母的发音部位和方法读准它的呼读音,这是第一步。然后呢,读和它有拼合关系的不同韵母拼合成的音节,然后呢,读和它有拼合关系的不同韵母拼合成的音节,最后再读这些音节组成的词。我举几个例子,大家就清楚了。比如声母b的练习,首先要发准它的呼读音,就是双唇阻不送气的塞音,应该是这样的:"b b",然后再读音节"八,白,保,闭,宾",最后再读这些音节组成的词"本部,辨别,标兵,必报,病变"。

   我想这样一说呢,大家也就清楚了,练习材料应该怎么样去组织,比如m, "m m",双唇阻鼻音,字:"妈,买,毛,米,妙",词:"埋没,麻木,米面,明媚,盲目"。l,"l l",舌尖中阻边音,"拉,来,林,楼,轮","理论,料理,来临,利率,嘹亮"。这个声母练习还可以参照字典词典当中的音节进行,我这里不可能把所有的都给大家发一遍,时间不允许。

   下面再说一下韵母练习,韵母练习也是这样,依照单韵母、复韵母、鼻韵母的序列先把韵母读准,然后读和它有拼合关系的不同声母拼合成的,它和不同声母拼合成的音节,最后呢,再读这些音节组成的词,这个意思是和声母练习材料组织方面的这个意思是一样的,比如说,"a a 发、达、马、拿,撒,发达,沙发,喇叭,哈达"。复韵母再举一个例子,这里呢,应该注意音素结合的关系,唇舌实际上都存在着一个动程,像"腰,彪,飘,秒,跳,笑,逍遥,巧妙,疗效,吊桥"。鼻韵母的关系要分清前后,注意韵头韵腹一般来说是不能鼻化的,它这里有一个自然的过度,举一个例子:"央,央,娘,粮,抢,泱,抢,响亮,香江,想像,像样。"这是关于韵母的练习.
 
   下面再说一下声调的练习,下面再说声调的练习,声调练习呢要在明确普通话四声调值的前提下来进行。用五度标记法标注的四声的调值是这样的,阴平为55,阳平为35,上声为214,去声为51。举个例子,"妈,麻,马,骂"。声调练习要先进行同声韵的四声练习,也就是单音节的练习,象刚才我们举过的例子,"妈,麻,马,骂"。再比如,"搭,达,打,大"。而后再进行双音节多音节的组合练习。我们着重说一下双音节组合练习,双音节组合练习的材料应该是由四种声调排列组合而成的,这里头一共包括有阴平、阳平、上声、去声分别起头的16种样式,比如,以阴平起头的四种样式,首先是阴阴相连,"播音,工兵";阳阴相连,"资源,鲜明";阴上相连,"发展,充满";阴去相连,"播送,音乐"。其他12种可以以此类推。多音节组合练习的材料以常见的四音节成语为主,这样比较方便实用,依照阴阳上去的声调顺序,四音节成语可以分为三种组合形式,这样我们再逐步练习。可以先练顺序组合的练习,比如,"兵强马壮",这就是阴阳上去,"兵强马壮,风云变幻,山穷水尽,身强体壮"等等,再练逆序组合的,比如说"逆水行舟,妙手回春,万古常青,四海为家"。最后练交错组合的,也就是没有规律组合的。
 
   在进行双音节多音节组合练习的时候,最好每个词读两遍。第一遍是单字慢读,就是所谓的夸张练习,声调不准的人还可以用手指按五度标记法所表明的调值比划着发音,比如说:"兵--强--马--壮",这是第一遍。第二遍是组词快读,"兵强马壮",快读的时候要注意到音变的问题。比如说,这个上上相连,那么前一个音节就要变成211的调值,"感--想--",这是做单音节的发音,那么组词快读就变成了"感想"。

   以上讲的是以取得和稳定音准为目的的发音练习,虽然从练习材料表面上看有所重复,但是由于在声韵调三方面各有侧重,个人身上存在的发音问题反而会很突出的显现出来,并且能为集中精力逐个突破。
  
   下面讲这一节最后一个问题,也就是三,绕口练习。这是一项在声韵调准确的基础上进行的发音强化训练。在练习的时候要注意到以下几点:一是要强己所难,也就是把握不好的段子要多练勤练。第二是要由慢到快,慢或者快都要吐字清晰。第三要结合用气,做到开口前,气息下沉,喉部放松,运行当中补气自如。第四,是要做到快而不乱,把握节奏,内容清楚。这个绕口练习不是耍嘴皮子,所以要注意到前面我所谈到的几点要求。我给大家示范一下,比如我们拿"八百标兵奔北坡"这个段子来练习的时候,先慢读把它读好,"八百标兵奔北坡,北坡炮兵并排跑,炮兵怕把标兵碰,标兵怕碰炮兵炮"。这是练习唇力的锻炼,双唇用力是要以上唇为主,并且要注意到把力量集中到中央的三分之一,不要满口用力,不是"八百标兵奔北坡,北坡炮兵并排跑",而是要"八百标兵奔北坡,北坡炮兵并排跑"。先慢,然后再逐渐加快,要注意自己的能力,不要还没学会走呢就跑起来,逐渐加快。"八百标兵奔北坡,北坡炮兵并排跑,炮兵怕把标兵碰,标兵怕碰炮兵炮"。这个练好了再加快一点儿,"八百标兵奔北坡,北坡炮兵并排跑,炮兵怕把标兵碰,标兵怕碰炮兵炮"。就是这样一个意思,这里头这个绕口练习主要是注意到我刚才所说的几点,按照这个去练就可以练好,就可以达到练的目的。那么我上头所讲的就是第二节,磨练口齿,这里面包括三个问题就全部讲完了。

转自《中国配音网》


千年的拥抱


      千年的拥抱

                                  ――碑林路人

我好像已经有很多年不再相信爱情了,尽管我也写过许多关于爱情的故事,但那些大多是我在空空的屋子里喝着咖啡,望着夜空里的星星和月亮编造的浪漫情节。
看过太多的悲欢离合,听过太多的爱恨情仇,好像所有的爱情都是轰轰烈烈的来,凄凄哀哀的去。如此现实的社会,很少再有一种情可以让我们舍弃生命,舍弃钱财,舍弃现实利益而全身心的投入的去爱了。我不知道是超现实的社会麻木了我们的爱情,还是我们的心对爱情这个字眼麻木了。
前些天偶尔看见一幅照片,突然就被镜头对着的那幅画面惊呆了,我的心被深深地震撼。我对着这幅照片流泪了,我知道我这么多年寻觅、等待、和期盼的其实就是这样一个拥抱……
这是一幅普通的黑白照片,一片被挖掘过的泥土里,两副蜷曲着的尸骨依旧完好的保存着死亡时最后的姿态。他们的肉身早已经腐烂,但他们的尸骨却用一种拥抱的姿势在地下埋藏了五千多年……
 如果你相信这个世界上还有真爱,如果你相信我会永远把你的名字和我的生命连接在一起,那么请你拥抱我,紧紧地、紧紧地,就这样拥抱千年。
你看见那埋藏在黄土里沉睡了千年的尸骨吗?如果你爱我,那么,你愿不愿意与我这样相拥千年?
看着我的眼眸告诉我,你敢不敢和我一起演绎这样一段,不是传奇的神话,你敢不敢承着我的爱恋,和我一起走过坎坷,走过世俗,走过磨难,走过沧桑。
我是多么渴望和你一起变成这样美丽的传说,我是多么渴望死的那一天能幸福的躺在你爱的怀里。
风月流沉,山水形移,花开花谢,流萤飞转,时间可以改变一切,那么,我爱,你是否可以为我坚如磐石。
你看那拥抱了千年的尸骨,虽然他们的肉身早已腐烂,但他们的灵魂却相偎了千年。
我不知道千年前的那个夜晚,发生了什么样无法臆想的故事。但我能知道这一对年轻的恋人,彼此盟誓的诺言在临死时幸福的验证。我可以看见他们彼此深情地对视,我甚至可以感觉到他们相拥时微微的颤栗。那紧紧相扣的十指告诉我,他们在殉情时,是多么的坚定与勇敢。
如果生命有长短,那么历史的长度是否可以用生命来衡量。如果说千年只是一瞬,那么这一瞬中走过了多少平凡的生命。
五千多年的光阴,多少战马来过,多少秋风吹过,多少风风雨雨,多少形色匆匆。人世间在风雨变幻中演绎着分分合合的悲欢离愁。而风化了千年的尸骨,却始终相拥着在地下看人间鸡毛蒜皮、生旦净丑。
五千多年的光阴啊,多少朝代,多少人群,多少聚聚散散,多少劳燕分飞。生命可以来来往往的交替轮回,唯有这深情地拥抱永恒的见证着不变的诺言。
谁能告诉我,这个世界上 有多少的誓言已随风飘逝,谁能告诉我 飘落的雨水里有多少伤心人无奈的眼泪。
如果 你真的爱我,就不要在蓝天白云下承诺,如果你真的爱我,就和我一起相信这个世界上还有真爱,就和我一起相信这拥抱了千年的尸骨不是美丽的传说。
如果 我的生命 还有未知的黄昏暮年,那么,我爱,请你牵着我的手,一起走过风雨。
如果 我的生命即将死去,那么,我爱,请你轻轻地拥抱我,让我 幸福的死在 你的怀里.





--
Zhipeng (Alan) Zhang  BCompSc MInfoTech MACS(Prov)

Mobile: +61 (0)430 597 033
Home: +61 (0)7 3102 8368
Email: zzpy20@gmail.com
Web: http://www.zhipeng-zhang.com
Address: 2 Balonne Street, RUNCORN, QLD 4113 Australia

Thursday, October 16, 2008

今晚想喝醉

Friday, October 10, 2008  10pm
 
 
 
今晚想喝醉
 
星期五,晚上对门的酒鬼Steve又把音响开到极大,整条街都似乎享受着他一个人的音乐party。
在youtube上看了一个德州大学华人联合会十月一日办的文艺表演,突然很想家,想中国。想唱歌,想嚎叫,想喝酒。
 
找一个同学喝酒,他有酒约了。我想今晚想喝醉的美梦也无法实现了。
看了一个youtube的朋友弹钢琴,时间飞逝,有些演奏曲是我去年此时看的。每个人都在人生中行进,进步。
好似唯有我在倒退。今夜想买醉。
 
感觉很压抑,最后一次想喝醉是05年。那次买了一打啤酒,一个人喝了大概3听。都快3,4年了。
这个月是我来澳洲4年的日子。4年了,4年了。
 
或许我该感谢对门Steve的超大音乐声。
 
 

Sunday, October 12, 2008

Honor the Priesthood and Use It Well

 

Honor the Priesthood and Use It Well

Elder Richard G. Scott
Of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles

The perfect role model for use of the holy priesthood is our Savior, Jesus Christ. He ministered with love, compassion, and charity.

Elder Richard G. ScottMy dear brethren, we are gathered across the world in the marvelous brotherhood of the holy priesthood of God. How blessed we are to be among the very few men on earth trusted to be authorized to act in the name of the Savior to bless others through the righteous use of His priesthood.

I wonder, brethren, how many of us seriously ponder the inestimable value of holding the Aaronic and Melchizedek Priesthoods. When we consider how few men who have lived on earth have received the priesthood and how Jesus Christ has empowered those individuals to act in His name, we should feel deeply humble and profoundly grateful for the priesthood we hold.

The priesthood is the authority to act in the name of God. That authority is essential to the fulfillment of His work on earth. The priesthood we hold is a delegated portion of the eternal authority of God. As we are true and faithful, our ordination to the priesthood will be eternal.

However, the conferring of authority alone does not of itself bestow the power of the office. The extent to which we can exercise the power of the priesthood depends upon personal worthiness, faith in the Lord Jesus Christ, and obedience to His commandments. When supported by a secure foundation of gospel knowledge, our capacity to worthily use the priesthood is greatly enhanced.

The perfect role model for use of the holy priesthood is our Savior, Jesus Christ. He ministered with love, compassion, and charity. His life was a matchless example of humility and power. The greatest blessings from the use of the priesthood flow from humble service to others without thought of self. By following His example as a faithful, obedient priesthood bearer, we can access great power. When required, we can exercise the power of healing, of blessing, of consoling, and of counseling, as the quiet promptings of the Spirit are faithfully followed.

For a few minutes I ask you to consider that you and I are alone in a quiet place where the atmosphere permits direction by the Holy Spirit. Some of you receive periodic personal worthiness interviews, while others have callings where that seldom occurs. Will you consider that in the next few minutes you and I will have a private priesthood interview?

As we share these moments together, I ask you to ponder your personal worthiness to use the sacred authority you hold. I will also ask you to consider how consistently you use your priesthood to bless others. My intent is not to criticize but to help increase the benefits that flow from your use of the priesthood.

Are your private, personal thoughts conducive to the guidance of the Holy Spirit, or would they benefit from a thorough housecleaning? Do you nourish your mind with elevating material, or have you succumbed to the enticement of pornographic literature or Web sites? Do you scrupulously avoid the use of stimulants and substances that conflict with the intent of the Word of Wisdom, or have you made some personally rationalized exceptions? Are you most careful to control what enters your mind through your eyes and ears to ensure that it is wholesome and elevating?

If you are divorced, do you provide for the real financial need of the children you have fathered, not just the minimum legal requirement?

If you are married, are you faithful to your wife mentally as well as physically? Are you loyal to your marriage covenants by never engaging in conversation with another woman that you wouldn't want your wife to overhear? Are you kind and supportive of your own wife and children? Do you assist your wife by doing some of the household chores? Do you lead out in family activities such as scripture study, family prayer, and family home evening, or does your wife fill in the gap your lack of attention leaves in the home? Do you tell her you love her?

If any of you feel uncomfortable with any of the answers you have mentally given to the questions I have asked, take corrective action now. If there are worthiness issues, with all of the tenderness of my heart I encourage you to speak to your bishop or a member of your stake presidency now. You need help. Those matters that trouble you will not heal themselves. Without attention they will likely get worse. It may be difficult for you to speak to your priesthood leader, but I encourage you to do it now for your own good and for the benefit of those who love you.

Brethren, I now speak of how the priesthood should be used to bless the lives of others, especially the daughters of Father in Heaven.

The family proclamation states that a husband and wife should be equal partners. I feel assured that every wife in the Church would welcome that opportunity and support it. Whether it occurs or not depends upon the husband. Many husbands practice equal partnership with their companion to the benefit of both and the blessing of their children. However, many do not. I encourage any man who is reluctant to develop an equal partnership with his wife to obey the counsel inspired by the Lord and do it. Equal partnership yields its greatest benefit when both husband and wife seek the will of the Lord in making important decisions for themselves and for their family.

Be sensitive to the promptings of the Spirit in the use of that consummate privilege of acting in the name of the Lord through your priesthood. Be more aware of how you can make greater use of the power of the priesthood in the lives of those you love and serve. I am thinking particularly of individuals such as a widow in need who likely could benefit from the help of an understanding, compassionate priesthood bearer. Many such will never request help. Be aware of the range of challenges you could help meet in her home, such as the relief of anxieties through an inspired priesthood blessing or the need for small repairs.

As a bishop, be sensitive and attentive to the sisters who serve in your ward council. They can identify the needs of the women in your ward who are not blessed with priesthood in the home. Through a home visit, the Relief Society can identify needs and recommend solutions to you. For matters beyond the scope of the Relief Society, you can call upon the elders quorum or the high priests group to provide assistance according to the need.

As a bishop, when you counsel with a husband and wife who are in marital difficulty, do you give the same credence to the statements of the woman that you do to the man? As I travel throughout the world, I find that some women are shortchanged in that a priesthood leader is more persuaded by a son rather than a daughter of Father in Heaven. That imbalance simply must never occur.

Do single sisters receive the consideration and attention they deserve when they attend family wards? Do they have opportunities to serve in significant callings where they are made to feel welcome and wanted? Do they receive the required priesthood support?

The purpose of priesthood authority is to give, to serve, to lift, to inspire—not to exercise unrighteous control or force. In some cultures, tradition places a man in a role to dominate, control, and regulate all family affairs. That is not the way of the Lord. In some places the wife is almost owned by her husband, as if she were another of his personal possessions. That is a cruel, unproductive, mistaken vision of marriage encouraged by Lucifer that every priesthood holder must reject. It is founded on the false premise that a man is somehow superior to a woman. Nothing could be farther from the truth. The scriptures confirm that Father in Heaven saved His greatest, most splendid, supreme creation, woman, to the end. Only after all else was completed was woman created. Only then was the work pronounced complete and good.

Of our wives, mothers, grandmothers, and sisters and other important women in our lives, President Hinckley declared: "Of all the creations of the Almighty, there is none more beautiful, none more inspiring than a lovely daughter of God who walks in virtue with an understanding of why she should do so, who honors and respects her body as a thing sacred and divine, who cultivates her mind and constantly enlarges the horizon of her understanding, who nurtures her spirit with everlasting truth."1

By divine design a woman is fundamentally different from a man in many ways.2 She is compassionate and seeks the interests of others around her. However, that compassionate nature can become overwhelming for women who identify far more to accomplish than they can possibly do, even with the help of the Lord. Some become discouraged because they do not feel they are doing all they should do. I believe this is a feeling that many worthy, effective, devoted women of the Church experience.

Therefore, as a husband or son, express gratitude for what your wife and mother do for you. Express your love and gratitude often. That will make life far richer, more pleasant and purposeful for many of the daughters of Father in Heaven who seldom hear a complimentary comment and are not thanked for the multitude of things they do. As a husband, when you sense that your wife needs lifting, hold her in your arms and tell her how much you love her. May each of us ever be tender and appreciative of the special women who enrich our lives.

Often the real value of something is not recognized until it is taken from us. To illustrate, consider a man who had lost the use of the priesthood through transgression. Later it was returned to him as part of the restoration of ordinances he obtained through full repentance. After the restoration, I turned to his wife and said, "Would you like a blessing?" She enthusiastically responded. Then I looked at the husband, now capable of using his priesthood, and said, "Would you like to give your wife a blessing?" Words cannot express the profound emotion of such an experience and the bonds of love, trust, and gratitude it created. You shouldn't have to lose your priesthood to appreciate it more fully.

I know the immense joy and happiness that come from loving, cherishing, and respecting my precious wife with all my heart and soul. May your use of the priesthood and treatment of the important women in your life bring you the same satisfaction.

As one of the 15 Apostles of the Lord Jesus Christ on earth, I express my own feelings regarding the priesthood as it has been captured perfectly by this statement of President Howard W. Hunter: "As special witnesses of our Savior, we have been given the awesome assignment to administer the affairs of his church and kingdom and to minister to his daughters and his sons wherever they are on the face of the earth. By reason of our call to testify, govern, and minister, it is required of us that despite age, infirmity, exhaustion, and feelings of inadequacy, we do the work He has given us to do, to the last breath of our lives."3

God will hold us accountable for how we treat His precious daughters. Therefore, let us treat them as He would wish to have them treated. I pray that the Lord will guide us to be more inspired, sensitive, and productive with the priesthood we hold, especially with His daughters. In the name of Jesus Christ, amen.


NOTES
1. Gordon B. Hinckley, "Our Responsibility to Our Young Women," Ensign, Sept. 1988, 11.
2. See Moses 4:17-19; Moses 5:10-11.
3. Howard W. Hunter, "To the Women of the Church," Ensign, Nov. 1992, 96.

Thursday, October 9, 2008

最值得80后怀念的十大明星

 
 最值得80后怀念的十大明星  
  
 
  
  怀念那些逝去的人和事,他们曾经的辉煌,他们曾经的感动,仿佛一切都在眼前。而娱乐圈的那些明星又是那么容易消失,有些是因为星光暗淡渐渐隐退了,有些却是因为意外而去世的。

    80后是怎么样的一代?已经毋庸多言,毕竟我也是80后的,那些曾经影响过我们的明星,看着他们冲冲的来又冲冲的走了,也许我们可以做的只有怀念了。以下十位已逝的明星,或许影响过80后的你,至少他们都影响了我!

          
    翁美玲 对于80后而言,应该算是很有情结的了。她和黄日华版的《射雕英雄传》可是百看不厌。至少小时候的我,只要翁美玲的《射雕英雄传》一播放就会津津有味的观看,而且是百看不厌的。还会似模似样的模仿郭靖的降龙十八掌的招式,这也是我们小时候的一种业余乐趣。翁美玲的去世真的太突然了,似乎很多人都没有预料到,为汤镇业而死,翁美玲真的值得吗?

            


    黄家驹 是Beyond的一员,他去世的时候似乎对于80后的我们影响还没有那么大。不过时至今日,我们不得不得承认Beyond对我们80后的深远影响,至少我的一个大学同学是痴迷于Beyond的,Beyond的每首歌曲,他几乎都会唱。

            
    张国荣 2003年的4月1日的陨落,对于我们80后也是能够深切体会到的。他的"绝代风华"依稀还在我们眼前。哥哥的电影,哥哥的歌曲,至今令人难以忘怀。

          

    梅艳芳 香消玉殒也是让我们80后无比悲痛的,她是那朵"女人花",她的那些经典电影,依旧是百听不厌百看不烦。最让人遗憾的是"百变天后"梅艳芳都没有结过婚,或许不完美才是真的完美!

 

          
    陈晓旭 2007年5月13日去世,随着陈晓旭的离开,林黛玉似乎也飘然长逝了。一个最最经典的人物,最终的命运犹如残花般不堪。虽然我们小时候观看《红楼梦》是那么得不情愿,而电视台一遍又一遍的重播,终于让我们接受了这个最最神奇的人物――林黛玉和陈晓旭已然合为一体了!

         

    张雨生 1997年11月12日因车祸死亡。不过他的那些经典歌曲依旧飘扬在我们耳边,《大海》、《我的未来不是梦》不得不让我们继续怀念张雨生。

         

    刘丹 或许你很不熟悉。《还珠格格》捧红了赵薇林心如范冰冰等一群女星,而刘丹饰演的香妃也是家喻户晓,可惜在她人气急升的时候却在不幸因车祸去世。如果一切还能倒退的话,刘丹很有可能到达现在范冰冰的那种地位,可惜一切都是如果!

         

    陈百强 他去世的时候,年龄最大的80后也只有12岁,不过我们能深深的感受到他对80后的影响。《偏偏喜欢你》、《一生何求》等经典老歌都流唱到至今。

         

    邓丽君 一个十分值得80后怀念的明星,那些歌曲依旧飘荡在我们耳边。她的声音,她的笑容,还是那么动人。至少在我们身边的那些朋友都是十分喜欢邓丽君的。

         

    陈宝莲 80后的我们,尤其是80后的男生,你扪心自问下,你有没有看过她的三级片?在我看来,至少她很勇敢,一个女星要在娱乐圈里拥有自己的一席之地,无权无势的她们最终走了一条最原始的道路。看来陈宝莲是成功的,至少她有自己的特色,完成了自己的使命。我们尊敬她!

 

来源:新浪网