Banking in China

http://www.howchinaworks.com/2008/12/10/banking-in-china/

 

 

Banking in China

Overview of (common) banks in china

In China, there are quite a few banks. They are of three different kinds.

• The first kind is the central bank (THE PEOPLE'S BANK OF CHINA).
• The second kind are the state-owned and national banks such as BANK OF CHINA, AGRICULTURAL BANK OF CHINA, ICBC (INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL BANK OF CHINA) and CHINA CONSTUCTION BANK.
• The Third kind are private banks such as BANK OF COMMUNICATIONS, CHINA MERCHANTS BANK, CHINA CITI BANK, HUAXIA BANK and also some regional banks such as SPD BANK of Shanghai and SHENZHEN DEVELOPMENT BANK of Shenzhen.

The central bank does not take private or business customers, it only deals with other banks, so you can open an account only in the second and third kind of bank. The second kind, national banks, tend to have an extensive branch network all over China and are convenient for people traveling regularly within the country. These banks share their ATM network, which means that you can use your debit card in any ATM of the national banks. The third kind is more business oriented and can be more adequate for business people, however their branches network tend to be much smaller and their debit cards might not work in other ATM network.

The most common ATM networks in China are Union Pay, Visa and Master Card, so if your bank offers you a card affiliated to one of those networks you should be able to use it everywhere in China.

In the next section you will find the details of the most recognized banks in China.

International bank transfer

For international bank transfers Chinese banks are not yet using IBAN code (the most common code in the world used for bank transfer), they are still using BIC or Swift code. BIC and Swift code are the same, they are just older systems for bank transfer. The first part of the Swift code is an 8 letter series specific to each bank while the second part is the 3 digit transit number provided by each branch.

Bank details

Below you will find the name, website, logo, customer telephone number and the first part of the Swift code of the banks.

THE PEOPLE'S BANK OF CHINA

http://www.pbc.gov.cn/

BANK OF CHINA

http://www.boc.cn/en/static/index.html
Swift code: BKCHCNBJ
Customer Contact center: 95566

 

AGRICULTURAL BANK OF CHINA

http://www.abchina.com/cn/hq/abc/index/index.jsp/lang=cn/index.html
Swift code: ABOCCNBJ
Customer Contact center: 95599

 

ICBC

http://www.icbc.com.cn/icbc/
Swift code: ICBKCNBJ
Customer Contact center: 95588

 

China Construction Bank

http://www.ccb.com/portal/cn/home/index.html
Swift code: PCBCCNBJ
Customer Contact center: 95533

 

BANK OF COMMUNICATIONS

http://www.bankcomm.com/BankCommSite/cn/index.html
Swift code: COMMCN
Customer Contact center: 95559

CHINA MERCHANTS BANK

http://www.cmbchina.com/
Swift code: CMBCCNBS
Customer Contact center: 95555

CHINA CITIC BANK

http://bank.ecitic.com/
Swift code: CIBKCNBJ
Customer Contact center: 95558

HUAXIA BANK

http://www.hxb.com.cn/chinese/index.jsp
Swift code: HXBKCN
Customer Contact center: 95577

SPD BANK

http://www.spdb.com.cn/chpage/c414/
Swift code: SPDBCNSH
Customer Contact center: 95528

SHENZHEN DEVELOPMENT BANK

http://www.sdb.com.cn/
Swift code: SZDBCNBS
Customer Contact center: 95501

National Banks Comparison

There are four national banks in China. They are not only the most common banks but also the most popular banks. They are more easily found because they have more branches than other banks. Nowadays, the four national banks offer almost the same services as all other banks. Services cover asset management, mortgage and loan, investment, liability insurance, business intermediary, credit card, trust, lease, guarantees etc. They offer both personal and business services to their customers.

Each of the four national banks has its own specialized area. For example, the Bank Of China specializes in foreign currency deposits and international transactions. ICBC emphasizes Industrial and commercial projects. China Construction Bank specializes in granting loans for construction projects. The Agricultural Bank of China focuses on agriculture and has a policy of helping farmers. The Agricultural Bank of China is often the only bank in the smallest towns and in the countryside.

How to open a bank account

It's quite easy to open a bank account in China. As the Bank of China is the one specializing in foreign currency, it is often the one chosen by foreigners. For that reason, its requirements provide a good example of the steps you have to follow. All others banks have pretty similar requirements and their forms have only cosmetic differences.

Steps to open a bank account:

• Requirements: passport, plus a copy of the passport and your residence registration.
• Money needed: If you only want the bankbook, you only need to pay 10rmb. If you also want the bank debit card, you need to pay 10rmb for the card fee plus 100rmb which is the minimum original deposit.
• When you walk into the bank, there is a ticket machine by the door. Press the button (if you don't know how, the security guard will show you) to get a number.
• While you are waiting to be called to the counter, you can fill out the account application form. ( See sample form below)
• When called, hand in all the materials to the cashier.
• The cashier will first issue you a "bankbook" where all operations are recorded. The first page states your name and account number.
• Then the cashier should issue you a bank card, and will ask you to enter a 6 digit pin number (of your own choosing) 3 times.
• Since you are there, ask for the swift code if you need it.
• You are done!

Sample Application Forms

Bank Of China Sample Application form with english annotations (PDF)

Agricultural Bank of China Sample Application form with english annotations (PDF)

Apllication forms of other banks are similiar to those samples above.

中国银行乌兰察布市分行营业网点

http://www.52xyk.com.cn/wangdian/boc/4709.html

 

 

 

 

 

中国银行乌兰察布市分行营业网点
网点名称	邮政编码	地址
中国银行乌兰察布市分行	012000	乌兰察布市集宁区三马路6号
中国银行乌兰察布市桥西分理处	012000	乌兰察布市集宁区桥西新华街197号
中国银行乌兰察布市工农大街分理处	012000	乌兰察布市集宁区解放路133号
中国银行乌兰察布市桥东支行	012000	乌兰察布市集宁区解放路173号
中国银行乌兰察布市恩和路支行	012000	乌兰察布市集宁区恩和路工商局楼一楼A7号
中国银行乌兰察布市第四分理处	012000	乌兰察布市集宁区恩和路63号
中国银行乌兰察布市建设街支行	012000	乌兰察布市集宁区民建路32号
中国银行乌兰察布市师专分理处	012000	乌兰察布市集宁区工农路51号
中国银行乌兰察布市乌兰大街支行	012000	乌兰察布市集宁区乌兰大街17号
中国银行乌兰察布市民建路分理处	012000	乌兰察布市集宁区光明街三马路交汇处南侧第A栋107号
中国银行乌兰察布市幸福路支行	012000	乌兰察布市集宁区幸福路18号
中国银行乌兰察布市新海分理处	012000	乌兰察布市集宁区新得乐海1号
中国银行乌兰察布市六马路分理处	012000	乌兰察布市集宁区六马路1号
中国银行丰镇支行	012100	丰镇市西新街文明巷71号
中国银行丰镇市马桥街支行	012100	丰镇市马桥街81号
中国银行丰镇市丰电支行	012100	丰镇市电厂商贸城
中国银行丰镇市西新建街支行	012100	西新建街丰伟商住楼一层16、17号

Skype 中国 使用细则

http://skype.tom.com/products/packages/help.html?union=&ziid=#other

 

使用帮助

1. 什么是Skype包月套餐?

   Skype包月套餐是可让您使用国际卡拨打方式，拨打座机或手机到世界各地的预付费型月租服务，该套餐包含了下列三种方案：

   大陆通400：可于世界各地拨打至中国大陆的座机和手机，每月有400分钟可用时长。

   大陆通1000：可于世界各地拨打至中国大陆的座机和手机，每月有1000分钟可用时长。

   世界通：可于世界各地拨打至适用的44个国家/地区座机（部分国家/地区包含手机）。

2. Skype包月套餐如何计费?

   Skype包月套餐将以月计费，大陆通400公平使用原则上限为400分钟/月，大陆通1000公平使用原则上限为1000分钟/月，世界通公平使用原则上限为10000分钟/月，超出套餐使用上限或适用范围，话费将以正常国际卡（SkypeOut）费率计费，并收取每次通话的接通费。

3. Skype世界通套餐支持哪些国家和地区？

   亚洲：中国大陆、香港地区、台湾地区、新加坡、日本、南韩、马来西亚、以色列、泰国

   美洲�美国、加拿大、智利、波多黎各、关岛、阿根廷、哥伦比亚。

   欧洲�英国、法国、德国、奥地利、比利时、丹麦、爱尔兰、意大利、荷兰、挪威、葡萄牙、波兰、瑞士、希腊、 西班牙、瑞典、爱沙尼亚、捷克、卢森堡、匈牙利、芬兰、俄罗斯、斯洛伐克、克罗地亚、保加利亚。

   大洋洲�澳洲、新西兰。

   手机：中国大陆、香港、美国、加拿大、新加坡、泰国。

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4. 我订购的Skype包月套餐什么时候会被启用？

   当您购买订单被成功接受的时候，确认您的付款后约10～30分钟，您的套餐后即可生效。（不必再到Skype国际卡帐户进行兑换）

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5. Skype包月套餐有哪些使用限制？

   仅限个人用户购买使用该套餐。
   不允许商业用户或企业用户使用（如话吧、电话推销、电话销售或同IP下多机使用等）。
   不允许同一Skype帐户在不同机器同时登录使用。
   不允许使用代理服务器购买或使用该套餐。

   受公平使用原则限制,大陆通400公平使用原则上限为400分钟/月，大陆通1000公平使用原则上限为1000分钟/月，世界通公平使用原则上限为10,000分钟/月；24小时内，拨打上限为6小时且可拨打最多50个不同的号码；如果您订购的产品包含多个国家，通话上限为各国通话累计时长，不为各国分别设限。

   24小时内，通话超过6小时或拨打超过50个不同的电话号码，Skype将冻结Skype用户名，且不予退款；您订购的产品仅供个人使用，不可通过PBX、呼叫中心、电脑或其他途径与他人共用。查看Skype公平使用原则

   请不要尝试违反以上限制，否则由此造成的帐户冻结将无法解冻或退款。

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6. 购买Skype包月套餐后，通话需要另外收接通费吗?

   不需要。

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7. Skype包月套餐每月可拨打的分钟数是怎么计算的？

   Skype包月套餐目前计算的方式是在每月一号会进行重新设定分钟数，但规则未来可能会做调整。

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8. 要如何看到我本月剩余可使用的分钟数呢?

   您可登录“Skype国际卡（Skypeout）帐户”，或直接在您的客户端点击“帐户—>查看您的国际卡帐户”，选择“概览—>管理中国通400”，即可在本页最上方查询到您本月仍可使用的剩余分钟数，请注意：网页上显示的剩余分钟数在您拨打电话后可能无法立即更新到最新的数字。(目前仅适用于查询大陆通400和大陆通1000)

   

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9. 每月未用完的剩余分钟数可以延续到下个月使用吗?

   很抱歉！当月未使用完的剩余分钟数不可以延续到下个月使用。

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10. 我已经购买Skype包月套餐其中一种了，可以切换成另一种套餐吗?

    很抱歉，目前Skype暂不支持从大陆通套餐和世界通套餐之间相互切换的功能。Skype将逐步改善此功能，详情请留意我们的官网公告。

    

    选择“切换”

    

    找到要切换的套餐，点击“注册使用”（以全球无限通为例）。

    

    选择“继续”

    

    选择套餐种类，然后点击“下一步”

    

    点击“确认购买”即可完成本次套餐切换（注：帐户内须有足够余额）

    

    回到“Skype国际卡（Skypeout）帐户”首页，您即可看到您转换的套餐已经生效。

    

    注：新的套餐服务生效后，旧的套餐服务则会被取消。旧的套餐服务中，未使用的天数与分钟数将依照您转换前的套餐剩余未使用天数与分钟数，依照该套餐平均每日费用，依比例转换成国际卡（Skypeout）金额，并将余额退还至您的Skype帐户中。

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11. 为什么Skype包月套餐有自动续订的功能呢?

    若您帐户内有足够的国际卡（Skypeout）余额，会自动续订您上次使用的产品，这能够避免您每次重新订购的困扰，并自动延续您的套餐服务，让您能够持续的使用该产品。提醒：我们并未要求长期使用套餐服务，您可以随时停止续订您的套餐。

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12. 我要如何取消续订Skype包月套餐呢?

    要取消您的续订Skype包月套餐非常简单，您可登录“Skype国际卡（Skypeout）帐户—>管理”选择“取消”

    

    然后点击“是，请取消”即可取消续订套餐，当您这个套餐有效期截止后，Skype将不会自动扣除您帐户内的余额以续订该套餐。

    

    注：“取消续订”是指取消您自动续订该产品，已经购买成功的套餐无法取消，但您在30天内有3次机会可进行套餐间的转换。

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13. 为什么某些国家不在该套餐的支持范围内?

    我们正努力希望Skype包月套餐服务可以在全世界通用，但由于部分国家/地区的通话限制，所以无法适用全球所有国家。但您仍可以用Skype国际卡（SkypeOut）的低廉费率拨打国际电话，同时我们将尽我们所能持续新增其它适用Skype包月套餐的国家。

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14. 购买Skype包月套餐后，我还需要使用到Skype点数吗？

    是的，由于Skype包月套餐均有限定使用国家/地区范围与使用分钟数，若您拨打的电话是在适用范围外，或是超出使用上限分钟数，您仍需要Skype国际卡（Skypeout）来进行通话，此外由于Skype包月套餐在到期前3天自动扣除您账户的Skype点数以进行续购，所以仍是需要Skype点数的！

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15. 请问我可以把我购买的Skype包月套餐转到其它账号上吗？

    很抱歉，Skype包月套餐是和账号绑在一起的，购买后无法因为不用而转移到其它账号上。若其它账号使用Skype包月套餐，需要再另行购买。

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16. 为什么我购买Skype包月套餐后，会多了Skype语音信箱呢?

    当您成功购买Skype包月套餐后，系统将会赠送给您与您购买效期相等的Skype语音信箱服务。

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17. Skype包月套餐有赠送Skype Togo或是Skype In吗？

    由于目前中国大陆地区并不支持Skype to go和Skype In产品，上述套餐不包含赠送这两项服务。

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18. 购买Skype包月套餐，为何没有显示Skype点数？

    Skype包月套餐除世界通套餐第一次购买赠送1欧元的Skype点数外，月租费用并不会转换成Skype点数储值至您的账户中，也就是说当您成功购买套餐后，此费用就是固定的月租费用，不会另外再转换成Skype点数给您显示。

    返回顶部

Skype产品使用注意事项

1. 大陆通、世界通套餐拥有自动定制功能，在购买过一次套餐之后只要您的国际卡帐户内拥有足够的skypeout国际卡(Skypeout)点数，我们的套餐都将会自动定制，请您在不需要套餐时，请您到国际帐户内，提前三天自行取消套餐的续订（如当月取消套餐，下月将不再扣费，但不影响本月套餐的使用）。
2. 同一个Skype帐户无法同时购买使用2种不同的套餐（例如您已经购买大陆通400，即您不能再同时拥有大陆通1000或世界通产品）；同一个账户当月无法同时使用2种相同的套餐，相同的套餐当月用完，需下个月才能继续使用第二个。
3. 由于中国大陆地区暂不支持“呼叫方识别号（来电显示）、Skype In及Skype TOGO”功能，建议您不要购买使用，在大陆官网购买的套餐产品，也均不包含上述服务。 如需购买上述服务，请登录欧洲官网查看支持地区或选择购买。（注：欧洲官网购买的产品，我们无法提供客服支持，如，续订、查询、退款等）
4. 套餐目前Skype不支持从大陆通套餐切换到世界通套餐的功能，请不要在大陆通有效期内进行新套餐切换或购买。
5. Skype国际卡(Skypeout)、大陆通和世界通套餐目前暂不支持如下业务：
   ①手机189号段和部分151号段。如需拨打请购买Skype国内卡。
   ②从TOM购买的点卡，不能在越南使用，会提示9407错误，请避开此地区使用，同时，在国内也不要拨打越南电话；
   ③目前暂时不支持拨打英国双方分担费用（United Kingdom-Shared Cost）的号段（0844，0845，0870，0871），拨打时也会提示9407错误，请用户避开此号段进行拨打。
6. Skype默认的货币种类为欧元，每次的货币切换将收取一定的手续费。
7. 国内卡不支持电话会议、手机版以及其他非windows版本。
8. Skype国际卡与国内卡有效期均为180天，详情请查看国际卡帮助和国内卡帮助。
9. Skype套餐产品公平使用原则
   拨打固定电话、手机及Skype To Go*均包含在您定制的产品中，受公平使用原则限制每个用户每月可拨打10,000分钟，24小时内拨打上限为6小时且可拨打最多50个不同的号码。如果您订购的产品包含多个国家，通话上限为各国通话累计时长，不为各国分别设限。
   24小时内，超过6小时或拨打超过50个不同的电话号码，Skype将冻结Skype用户名，且不予退款；您订购的产品仅供个人使用，不可通过PBX、呼叫中心、电脑或其他途径与他人共用。
   *呼叫您的Skype To Go号码所产生的运营商收费不包含在您订购的产品范围内，这部分通常由您支付。

   如果您订购的产品通话目的地为以下任意国家或地区，无论拨打的是固定电话（不包括特殊号码、付费号码、服务热线及虚拟号码）还是手机均受限公平使用原则范围：
   。美国
   。加拿大
   。香港
   。中国
   。新加坡

   如果您订购的产品为以下的任意国家或地区，仅拨打固定电话（不包括特殊号码、付费号码、服务热线及虚拟号码）受限于公平使用原则范围：

   澳大利亚 比利时 智利 捷克 丹麦 爱沙尼亚 芬兰 法国 德国 希腊 关岛

   匈牙利 爱尔兰 奥地利 以色列 意大利 日本 朝鲜 卢森堡 马来群岛 墨西哥 – 墨西哥城，瓜达拉哈拉，蒙特雷

   荷兰 新西兰 挪威 波兰 葡萄牙 波多黎各 西班牙 瑞典 瑞士 台湾 英国

   
   TOM-Skype保留随时变更《Skype套餐产品公平使用原则》内容的权力，修正后将于TOM-Skype新发布之日起生效。
   

move website to another server with least amount of downtime

http://helpdesk.bluehost.com/kb/index.php/article/000071

How do I sign up with the least amount of downtime?

Top :: Bluehost Support :
Top :: Bluehost Support : My Account / New Users :
Top :: Bluehost Support : My Account / New Users : Signing Up :

Problem:

How do I sign up with the least amount of downtime?

Solution:

This is fairly easy to accomplish.

Most important is that you do NOT notify your current hosting company. Here is a step by step guide:

(1) You need a hosting account with Bluehost. You can order a hosting account by submitting an order here: http://www.bluehost.com/sign_up_now.html .

(2) After your account has been setup, you will receive an account setup email within an hour or two after signing up. You can then upload your files and create your email accounts.

(3) Now you can go ahead and request a domain transfer with your domain registrar. Point the domain name to our name servers (we can help you with that) and wait until the changes have propagated. You will be sent a transfer email once you sign up that will provide you with our name servers. (ns1.bluehost.com and ns2.bluehost.com)

(4) About 24 to 48 hours later, your domain should be pointing to your new hosting account with Bluehost and your website as well as emails should still be up and running without any problems.

(5) Let a few days pass by just to make sure your domain points to your Bluehost hosting account everywhere in the world. You can now cancel your old hosting account with your old hosting company / email provider.


Keywords: getting started downtime

.htaccess Tutorial

http://helpdesk.bluehost.com/kb/index.php/article/115

.htaccess Tutorial

Top :: Bluehost Support :
Top :: Bluehost Support : Troubleshooting :
Top :: Bluehost Support : Troubleshooting : Scripting/Coding/Databases :

Problem:

.htaccess Tutorial

Solution:

.htaccess Tutorial

Part 1 - Introduction

Introduction



In this tutorial you will find out about the .htaccess file and the power it has to improve your website. Although .htaccess is only a file, it can change settings on the servers and allow you to do many different things, the most popular being able to have your own custom 404 error pages. .htaccess isn't difficult to use and is really just made up of a few simple instructions in a text file.



Will My Host Support It?



This is probably the hardest question to give a simple answer to. Many hosts support .htaccess but don't actually publicise it and many other hosts have the capability but do not allow their users to have a .htaccess file. As a general rule, if your server runs Unix or Linux, or any version of the Apache web server it will support .htaccess, although your host may not allow you to use it.



A good sign of whether your host allows .htaccess files is if they support password protection of folders. To do this they will need to offer .htaccess (although in a few cases they will offer password protection but not let you use .htaccess). The best thing to do if you are unsure is to either upload your own .htaccess file and see if it works or e-mail your web host and ask them.



What Can I Do?



You may be wondering what .htaccess can do, or you may have read about some of its uses but don't realise how many things you can actually do with it.



There is a huge range of things .htaccess can do including: password protecting folders, redirecting users automatically, custom error pages, changing your file extensions, banning users with certian IP addresses, only allowing users with certain IP addresses, stopping directory listings and using a different file as the index file.



Creating A .htaccess File



Creating a .htaccess file may cause you a few problems. Writing the file is easy, you just need enter the appropriate code into a text editor (like notepad). You may run into problems with saving the file. Because .htaccess is a strange file name (the file actually has no name but a 8 letter file extension) it may not be accepted on certain systems (e.g. Windows 3.1). With most operating systems, though, all you need to do is to save the file by entering the name as:



".htaccess"



(including the quotes). If this doesn't work, you will need to name it something else (e.g. htaccess.txt) and then upload it to the server. Once you have uploaded the file you can then rename it using an FTP program.



Warning



Before beginning using .htaccess, I should give you one warning. Although using .htaccess on your server is extremely unlikely to cause you any problems (if something is wrong it simply won't work), you should be wary if you are using the Microsoft FrontPage Extensions. The FrontPage extensions use the .htaccess file so you should not really edit it to add your own information. If you do want to (this is not recommended, but possible) you should download the .htaccess file from your server first (if it exists) and then add your code to the beginning.



Custom Error Pages



The first use of the .htaccess file which I will cover is custom error pages. These will allow you to have your own, personal error pages (for example when a file is not found) instead of using your host's error pages or having no page. This will make your site seem much more professional in the unlikely event of an error. It will also allow you to create scripts to notify you if there is an error (for example I use a PHP script on Free Webmaster Help to automatically e-mail me when a page is not found).



You can use custom error pages for any error as long as you know its number (like 404 for page not found) by adding the following to your .htaccess file:



ErrorDocument errornumber /file.html



For example if I had the file notfound.html in the root directory of my site and I wanted to use it for a 404 error I would use:



ErrorDocument 404 /notfound.html



If the file is not in the root directory of your site, you just need to put the path to it:



ErrorDocument 500 /errorpages/500.html



These are some of the most common errors:



401 - Authorization Required

400 - Bad request

403 - Forbidden

500 - Internal Server Error

404 - Wrong page



Then, all you need to do is to create a file to display when the error happens and upload it and the .htaccess file.

Part 2 - .htaccess Commands

?

Introduction



In the last part I introduced you to .htaccess and some of its useful features. In this part I will show you how to use the .htaccess file to implement some of these.



Stop A Directory Index From Being Shown



Sometimes, for one reason or another, you will have no index file in your directory. This will, of course, mean that if someone types the directory name into their browser, a full listing of all the files in that directory will be shown. This could be a security risk for your site.



To prevent against this (without creating lots of new 'index' files, you can enter a command into your .htaccess file to stop the directory list from being shown:



Options -Indexes



Deny/Allow Certian IP Addresses



In some situations, you may want to only allow people with specific IP addresses to access your site (for example, only allowing people using a particular ISP to get into a certian directory) or you may want to ban certian IP addresses (for example, keeping disruptive memembers out of your message boards). Of course, this will only work if you know the IP addresses you want to ban and, as most people on the internet now have a dynamic IP address, so this is not always the best way to limit usage.



You can block an IP address by using:



deny from 000.000.000.000



where 000.000.000.000 is the IP address. If you only specify 1 or 2 of the groups of numbers, you will block a whole range.



You can allow an IP address by using:



allow from 000.000.000.000



where 000.000.000.000 is the IP address. If you only specify 1 or 2 of the groups of numbers, you will allow a whole range.



If you want to deny everyone from accessing a directory, you can use:



deny from all



but this will still allow scripts to use the files in the directory.



Alternative Index Files



You may not always want to use index.htm or index.html as your index file for a directory, for example if you are using PHP files in your site, you may want index.php to be the index file for a directory. You are not limited to 'index' files though. Using .htaccess you can set foofoo.blah to be your index file if you want to!



Alternate index files are entered in a list. The server will work from left to right, checking to see if each file exists, if none of them exisit it will display a directory listing (unless, of course, you have turned this off).



DirectoryIndex index.php index.php3 messagebrd.pl index.html index.htm



Redirection



One of the most useful functions of the .htaccess file is to redirect requests to different files, either on the same server, or on a completely different web site. It can be extremely useful if you change the name of one of your files but allow users to still find it. Another use (which I find very useful) is to redirect to a longer URL, for example in my newsletters I can use a very short URL for my affiliate links. The following can be done to redirect a specific file:



Redirect /location/from/root/file.ext http://www.othersite.com/new/file/location.xyz



In this above example, a file in the root directory called oldfile.html would be entered as:



/oldfile.html



and a file in the old subdirectory would be entered as:



/old/oldfile.html



You can also redirect whole directoires of your site using the .htaccess file, for example if you had a directory called olddirectory on your site and you had set up the same files on a new site at: http://www.newsite.com/newdirectory/ you could redirect all the files in that directory without having to specify each one:



Redirect /olddirectory http://www.newsite.com/newdirectory



Then, any request to your site below /olddirectory will bee redirected to the new site, with the extra information in the URL added on, for example if someone typed in:



http://www.youroldsite.com/olddirecotry/oldfiles/images/image.gif



They would be redirected to:



http://www.newsite.com/newdirectory/oldfiles/images/image.gif



This can prove to be extremely powerful if used correctly.

Part 3 - Password Protection

Introduction



Although there are many uses of the .htaccess file, by far the most popular, and probably most useful, is being able to relaibly password protect directories on websites. Although JavaScript etc. can also be used to do this, only .htaccess has total security (as someone must know the password to get into the directory, there are no 'back doors')



The .htaccess File



Adding password protection to a directory using .htaccess takes two stages. The first part is to add the appropriate lines to your .htaccess file in the directory you would like to protect. Everything below this directory will be password protected:



AuthName "Section Name"

AuthType Basic

AuthUserFile /full/path/to/.htpasswd

Require valid-user



There are a few parts of this which you will need to change for your site. You should replace "Section Name" with the name of the part of the site you are protecting e.g. "Members Area".



The /full/parth/to/.htpasswd should be changed to reflect the full server path to the .htpasswd file (more on this later). If you do not know what the full path to your webspace is, contact your system administrator for details.



The .htpasswd File



Password protecting a directory takes a little more work than any of the other .htaccess functions because you must also create a file to contain the usernames and passwords which are allowed to access the site. These should be placed in a file which (by default) should be called .htpasswd. Like the .htaccess file, this is a file with no name and an 8 letter extension. This can be placed anywhere within you website (as the passwords are encrypted) but it is advisable to store it outside the web root so that it is impossible to access it from the web.



Entering Usernames And Passwords



Once you have created your .htpasswd file (you can do this in a standard text editor) you must enter the usernames and passwords to access the site. They should be entered as follows:



username:password



where the password is the encrypted format of the password. To encrypt the password you will either need to use one of the premade scripts available on the web or write your own. There is a good username/password service at the KxS site (http://www.kxs.net/support/htaccess_pw.html) which will allow you to enter the user name and password and will output it in the correct format.



For multiple users, just add extra lines to your .htpasswd file in the same format as the first. There are even scripts available for free which will manage the .htpasswd file and will allow automatic adding/removing of users etc.



Accessing The Site



When you try to access a site which has been protected by .htaccess your browser will pop up a standard username/password dialog box. If you don't like this, there are certain scripts available which allow you to embed a username/password box in a website to do the authentication. You can also send the username and password (unencrypted) in the URL as follows:



http://username:password@www.website.com/directory/



Summary



.htaccess is one of the most useful files a webmaster can use. There are a wide variety of different uses for it which can save time and increase security on your website.

Keywords: .htaccess tips tricks

转载：一个北京女孩写的 怎样做女人

http://ak92.com/the-bejing-girl-speak

 

 

转载：一个北京女孩写的！！！

Sun, 02/22/2009 - 19:39 — AK92 |

• 生活┊心情及心语
• 女人
• 婚姻
• 爱情
• 男人

女孩看了是自省，男孩看了是激励！

要是我的男人真的就没那本事，我就忍了，弄不好他有了本事，我就没了他呢。他没逼我长成曼玉嘉欣，我没理由逼他盖过李嘉诚。

是不是女孩从13岁起，每个月多花几个卫生巾钱（当然得是生理上正常的女性朋友们）觉得自己特冤，所以都憋着让男朋友（老公）给自己花钱啊？其实男人的钱也不是大风刮来的……

我在想，为什么女性朋友比男性朋友的平均寿命长，除了女性大多不常抽烟饮酒以外，还有一个主要原因，即男人要负担的社会责任更重，男人要承受的生活压力要比女人多得多。

你是女孩，你可以想起一出是一出地瞎闹，烦了就哭美了就乐，你撒娇你任性，你翻着跟头抒发自己的感情，什么时候折腾舒服了什么时候算。没人说你什么……女 孩嘛，感性一些，大家都能原谅你的情绪化。你可以不计后果不失时机地犯犯间歇性神经病，然后美其名曰：我们每个月都有那么几天……我不是故意的啦……

你想想，是不是每次你撒着娇对他说这话的时候，他都会潇洒地揽你入怀说，你发脾气也很可爱！这老招屡试不爽，即使你犯病的时候一脚踢死他们家养了十年的猫。人家谁愿意和你置气啊？

你就没想过你凭什么啊！谁都不缺奶奶！

他现在爱你，你骑他头上撒尿都行。你别太过，把男人逼急了，你丫爱谁谁！你以为你真是还珠格格呢！你们家祖坟上长那根蒿子了么？

女人要怀有一颗珍惜之心，珍惜那个依着你由着你性子的人。你要记得，若不是他爱你，你什么都不是！说得阴暗一点，女人要学会居安思危，给自己留条后路。

是，他现在拿你当老佛爷贡着，等你习惯了，以为这就是属于你的生活了，他一下变了心，你可哭都找不着坟头儿。平时收敛一点，也是对自己的一种保护。咱那点“刁蛮”劲，老使就不管用了，还是留到关键时刻好，你说呢？

女人似乎总喜欢问一些诸如你真的喜欢我么、我和你妈掉河里你先救谁、我和她谁漂亮……要是你不重要的话，人家每天强忍着回答同一个问题10遍之多是为了什么？要是你不重要，你都咒人家妈了人家还强颜欢笑哄着你是为了什么？

如果你嫌你的男人没本事，就趁早找一个有本事的去，免得以后结了婚有了孩子，再后悔就晚了，别给自己找活罪受。你男人没本事赖谁啊？当初是谁该好好上学不 好好上学，为了你翘课来着？当初是谁该好好上班不好好上班，为了你旷工来着？你到底是让她陪着你，还是让他专注事业？你以为你男人是耶和华啊？你干脆多找 几个，有给你挣钱的，有给你争脸的，有点灯说话的，有吹灯拔蜡的得了！你知道么，男人最讨厌你满脸旧社会地往床上一歪，就开始没完没了数落他这也不行那也 不行，有行的，你配么？咱得知道自己值多少钱一两！别一边要爱情要浪漫要人家逢年过节送你玫瑰，一边又要现实要生活要人家攒钱给你买房买车。你以为男人都 和盖茨有一腿啊！

男人在外面讨生活是很不容易的，有的时候，他们的感情也很脆弱，可是他们还要保持理智保持冷静保持坚强！你不会明白，那有多难！扪心自问，女人在这个社会 上如果实在混不下去了，还有最后一条路，找个人嫁了，做职业家庭主妇。别人说不出你什么来。而你男人，他混得下去也得混，混不下去还得拼了老命地混；更何 况还拖着一个姑奶奶混；更何况往后还得拖着一个甚至更多的小少爷小姑奶奶（你们的结晶）混啊？你想过么……

如果说你不知道怎样省钱，不如自己也想办法赚点钱，而不是一味抱怨自己嫁错了郎。你的东西，至少应该有一半是自己买的，那样即使他负了你，你可以给自己一个机会，把他买给你的东西撕烂了拽丫脸上解解气！而不至于把人家买的东西都毁掉之后，自己光着屁股回家。

即使你们已经决定结婚，也多给你男人一些空间吧。他会明白而且感激你的，相信我。再爱你他也是个男人，你可以不去理解他为什么看起球赛来就忘记你的存在、 你可以不理解他为什么每周都要和哥们出去喝几次小酒、你可以不理解他为什么能随口就有瞎话等着你,你只要接受就可以了；因为那些事是不需要你去理解的。就 像他不会理解，你的衣柜里有你一天一件换到80岁都不重样的衣服一样，虽然他不理解，但依然愿意为你相中的一条裙子，去吃半个月的素。我想说，男人不在我 们身边的时候，除了去胡搞乱搞还有挥霍他的钱以外，我们还有很多事情可以做。比如，回家看看你的父母，吃他们给你做的饭，听听他们忆苦思甜；比如，去他家 帮他父母打扫一下卫生，活动活动筋骨；比如，约个姐们找地方锻炼锻炼身体，将好身材保持到底；比如，找几本经典，给自己充充电，提高一下素养，别觉得一天 到晚傻呵呵的当个胸大无脑丢了好找的蠢货，是件特露脸的事；书实在看不下去，看盘也成，又臭又长的韩剧就别看了，看完了更默叽，看看有点技术含量的，女人 必须还是得以内养外的；要是有点追求，业余时间我劝你练练字，挥毫泼墨就免了，只要赶明儿给你儿子签字的时候，别让老师冤枉是你们家孩子自己签的，罚小丫 挺门口站着去就行了。

男人回家了，你能笑着就别丧这个脸了，干嘛啊，苦大仇深的？你男人是杀你爸爸那仇人么？你跟了他不会是想演绎一出女版的伤城吧？这个时候，把你平时苦练的 厨艺展示展示，饭桌上把你偷学的“学问”拿出来吓唬吓唬他，跟他聊聊姚明易建联，侃侃世乒欧锦，说说基金走势祖国政策……比一来就家长里短强多了。
有这么一个出得厅堂入得厨房的好媳妇，你想让他有外遇都难！男人是很怕麻烦的，只要家里的还好使，他绝不浪费时间精力金钱再重新建立一段感情，除非他还很 幼稚。要是他厌烦了你，你就先从自己身上找原因吧！ 曾经我一知己说过这样一句话：我爱你，我可以给你当牛做马，但你别真把我当牛马使唤！这话让我感触颇深……姑娘们啊，在你心里，他就真的是牛马么？你知 道，你的一生中，遇到一个甘心为你做牛马的人，是多大的造化么？为年幼无知的娇纵默哀……

如果男人真的不要你了，那就是肯定不要你了。我的意思是说，你最好别纠缠了。他不和你好了，不用歇斯底里地探寻因由了，我告诉你吧，真相只有一个，你不足 够好。我也困惑过很久，女人的愚蠢，究竟源溪何处？至今，最能让我信服的答案，是依赖。女人总是把原本不属于自己的东西死死地认定为是自己的，然后患得患 失；更好玩的是，明明是自己不懂珍惜刁蛮成性而导致失去的东西，她们非要说成是别人的背叛，这点让男人挺没辙的。老说女人是弱势群体，这矫情劲上来，不一 定谁弱呢。你的痛苦，是你老觉得自己是受害者，那你不自找的么？我不得不给你这样的忠告：认真游戏，但牢记只是游戏。

你得面对，最能考验你们感情的，其实是一件很恶俗的东西——钱。我之所以不反对早恋，是因为，也许只有在学生时代的恋爱，才是最牛X的，牛X得那么纯净。 那时候，是男人最不得志的时候，他没房没车没钱，就算他整天想着和你上床，也是因为他风华正茂生理上的确有这个迫切需要。而那时候，是女人最得意的时候， 她年轻天真纯洁，没有逼着男人给她买SK2、LV……一个前途未知的穷小子领着一个缺心少肺的傻姑娘，一路傻了吧唧地走着。你们一路走来，走过每天放学要 经过的小吃店、走过顶风冒雪也想多腻味一会的车站、走过情人节他只送了你一支玫瑰的天桥、走过逃了不计其数次课的教室后门……一直走到今天，面对声色犬马 的物质诱惑，你犹疑过么……

其实，归根结底，我想告诉我的男人，我爱你，我也离不开你，我也想24小时和你腻在一起；但还是因为我爱你，我强迫自己独立。

我想告诉我的男人，我希望你有钱，因为我骨子里有所有女人有的贪婪和虚荣；你可以不养着我，但你要有养我的能力。

我想告诉我的男人，如果你有一块钱，那我要你花五毛钱给我买一串我爱吃的麻辣烫；如果你有一千元，我们必须得去吃一次我想吃的三千里，不然，你凭什么说你是爱我的？

如果，所有感情的问题，都可以用钱来解释和解决，那该有多好……但你要知道，只要能用钱解决的事，就都不叫事！我还是想把我的爱情，放在比金钱更神圣一步的位置上。

要是我的男人真的就没那本事，我就忍了，弄不好他有了本事，我就没了他呢。他没逼我长成曼玉嘉欣，我没理由逼他盖过李嘉诚。

闲来无事，谨以此文献给包括我在内的让人欢喜让人忧的女孩子们；顺便祝包括我在内的大家，每天都由内而外散发着让人难以抗拒的魅力——性的魅力和人的魅力。

最后，把我认为的一些很好的习惯贴出来，和可爱的你一起分享；强烈希望，姐妹们看完之后，除了可爱，更多几分优雅！

1.养成每天写点什么的习惯，哪怕是记录，哪怕只言片语。
2.不认同别人的看法很正常，因为你有一个独立的CPU,但学会尊重。
3.别和你爷们儿吵架了，才想起你姐们儿我，再这样恕我概不接待！
4.就算你长得的确赛过张柏芝，也别搞出“陈冠希事件”，珍惜上天给你的优越条件，潜龙勿用。
5.注重内心，但别不修边幅；男人审着美都疲劳，整天邋邋遢遢的你这儿给谁填堵呢！
6.了解点国家大事，但别不近人间烟火；了解点时尚潮流，但不必盲目跟 风。
7.一辈子就一个男人，并不丢人。
8.如果可以，要有一套自己的房子；一处纯纯粹粹属于你自己的落脚之处。
9.记住，男人身上有你一辈子也学不完的东西。你必须欣赏男人。至于欣赏什么样的男人，欣赏男人的什么，我想在于你的品位。
10.一切条件允许，在适当的时候，做母亲吧 .

爱情与永恒

 爱情与永恒

 

           
       所谓观念的错误就是盲目相信
       第一，正确的婚恋观念绝不能完全相信激情；
       第二，正确的婚恋观念同样不能完全相信恋人在激情中做出的种种允诺。既不能完全相信别人的允诺，也不能完全相信自己的允诺，包括不能完全相信海誓山盟；
       第三，正确的婚恋观念尤其不要完全相信甚至基本上不应该相信流行歌曲中描绘的美妙图景；你的男友一定唱过很多“一生只爱你一个”的歌曲，但那不是生活的真实；
　　   第四，正确的婚恋观念也不能完全相信彼此的道德自律。
那天下还有没有可以完全相信的东西呢？
　　   当然有，那就是现实规律。我们可以保留种种对于生活与爱情的理想，但我们能够完全相信的只有现实规律；
       无论怎样的情况，都是“现实规律”在起作用。任何感情冲动都可能导致行动；只有当制约力量大于诱惑冲动时，行动才被阻止；




     如果你的男友是个比较成功的男人，他面对的感情诱惑会比较多，越轨的心理冲动现在有，今后还可能会有，这时全看他的道德自律、家庭婚姻的现实利害、社会的道德舆论等等制约因素能不能制止；动力大于阻力，行动发生；动力小于阻力，行动停止；


      有人说，爱情是一种理想，爱过就好，结局只是一种方式，并非答案。”
     当爱情出现问题或触礁时，人们会想到这句话，虽然，是那么的希望爱情能有所归依，可在思想里，还是期待拥有那种传统婚姻的人；这句话就象是一帖良药，在痛苦时，用来麻醉自己；

       爱情，从来都有，只是没有永恒吗？从一段感情的开始到最后的结束，我们一路从期待到幸福再到失落，这一段历程，往往可以让一个人变得成熟或沉默，也可以让人变得自卑或逃避；伤害，总是与快乐如影随形；在选择快乐的同时，我们要做好准备；有可能，一不留神，便被伤了；因为在乎，于是感觉变得敏锐；因为在乎，于是我们想要的更多；而因为在乎，我们往往忘了该有的距离，彼此伤害；

      爱情，是我们生命中的流水；不能缺少，却也不能泛滥；小桥流水，是种意境，美而不张扬；如果变成了洪水，那可能把自己就此淹没；而我们的人生，经历不起太大的感情风浪；为了感情失去一切，是否得不偿失呢，只有当局者自己领悟和权衡才是；


     真正的爱情，是种理想；因为现实，爱情不可能脱凡出俗。只要爱情，不要结果是种无奈；结局的方式可以有很多，但结局只会有两种：一种是幸福；另一种是分手；而幸福的定义也很难界定，于是在我们追寻着爱情，追寻着幸福时，往往会觉得迷茫；怎么样的爱情算是幸福的？结婚了，就幸福了吗？结婚，只是爱情的一种延续方式；幸不幸福，谁能断定？也许正是这种无法预测的断定促使着无数人去探索和追寻所希翼的人间况味；

      爱情，只是一种理想，现实中的爱情也许有居多伤感，人要学会知足，可是爱情的温暖，却不是每个人想左右就左右得了的，我们在贪婪的享受时，突然间就会消失不见… …

      结局虽然只是一种方式，快乐或痛苦；是否爱过就好，真正的爱情能否走到幸福呢？也无时无刻挑战着尘世间的凡人，珍惜 面对 担当营造属于自己的那份美好情愫方显珍贵可佳；

      我们所要的爱情，所要的幸福，只是一天天平淡日子里的执手相看；只是一天天时光流逝中的快乐相随；只是一天天简单地问候；只是相处时温暖的关怀；只是有那么一天，我们走进婚姻时的美丽瞬间以及对未来美好的詹望……